Increased levels of hormones during puberty, such as progesterone and estrogen, can improve blood circulation to the gums. This can lead to gum sensitivity, resulting in a more significant reaction to any irritation and causing the gum to appear red, swollen, and tender.
Women with menstruation gingivitis may experience bright red, swollen, or bleeding gums and sores on the inside of the cheek. This condition occurs right before a woman's period and ends once the period has started.
Hormonal changes and increased blood flow during pregnancy may expose women to gum disease more. Additionally, pregnant women with periodontal disease could have a baby that is born too early and too small.
Women in menopausal or post-menopausal stages may encounter changes in their mouths, such as dry mouth, pain, burning sensations in the gum tissue, and altered taste, especially when salty, peppery, or sour.